A OVERVIEW ON “DIABETES” DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF A COMPLEX DISEASE

 WHAT IS DIABETES?

Diabetes is a chronic condition that impairs the body’ s ability to process high blood sugar present in the body, which can increase the risk of different types complication, including stroke and heart diseases. Diabetes has no cure, you can take step to managing the condition and stay healthy.

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF DIABETES?

Types 1 diabetes:  Types 1 diabetes also known as juvenile diabetes , it is an autoimmune disease this condition occurs when immune system attack and destroy pancreas cells. Type 1 diabetes are insulin dependent , which means patient must take artificial insulin daily to control the high blood sugar level.

Types 2 diabetes: Types 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way your body build up in blood sugar (glucose), this types 2 diabetes is resistant to insulin and not produce effect of insulin.

Gestational diabetes: Gestational diabetes mainly occurs in women, when high blood sugar present in during pregnancy.  This condition occurs because insulin – blocking hormones produced by the placenta. This types of diabetes not occur in all women and this condition resolves after giving birth.

 

WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS?

·       Patient age above 40 years.

·       High blood pressure.

·       Impaired glucose tolerance.

·       Abnormality in lipid level and cholesterols.

·       Patient family history.

·       Sedentary lifestyle.

·       BMI more than 23kg/m²

·       Gestational diabetes.

·       Polycystic ovary syndrome.

 

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES?

·       Dry mouth

·       Increase thirst

·       Weak and tired feeling

·       Blurry vision

·       Numbness or tingling in hands or feet

·       Frequent urination

·       Systemic weight loss

·       Wounds that won’t heal.

 

HOW IS DIABETES DIAGNOSED?

Diabetes is diagnosed by checking your glucose level in blood daily. Three tests that can measure your blood glucose level.

Fasting blood glucose test: This test can be performed in the morning after an eight hour fast.

Random plasma glucose test: This test can be performed any time without the need to fast.

Oral glucose tolerance test: This test can be performed and blood glucose level is first measured after an overnight fast.

A1c test: This test also known as HbA1C or glycated hemoglobin test, this test can be measure the amount of glucose attached to hemoglobin, the protein present in your red blood cells. You don’t need to fast before this test.

HOW TO MANAGE DIABETES:

 

Diabetes affects the whole body system, we can manage diabetes to control the risk factors and normal blood glucose level.

v Firstly we manage blood glucose level to normal and following diet plan and  use green vegetables to help reduce you disease condition and taking a prescribed medication and increase your activity level.

v Control your blood pressure, your blood pressure not more than normal range 140/ 90mmHg.

v Maintain the cholesterols and triglycerides levels, you maintains the normal range as a possible.

v If you are overweight, contact your healthcare team and manage a weight loss plan.

v If you have any habits like, smoking and drinking, Quitting firstly.

v If you have any abnormality checking your blood glucose level is important to help guide decisions about what to eat, your physical activity and any needed medication.

Author:

Ms. Simmi,  Assistant Professor,  Geeta Institute of Pharmacy.